Model Repository

The models listed below all conform with the CellML 1.0 Specification. They are based on published mathematical models taken from various peer reviewed journals, from conference proceedings, and from text book defined metabolic pathways. We have remained true to the original publications and have not assumed any reaction kinetics or initial values if they were not included in the original publication. All sources of information have been referenced in the model documentation.

This part of the CellML website contains models which represent several types of cellular processes including models of electrophysiology, metabolism, signal transduction and mechanics. In order to facilitate the process of finding a particular model of interest, the models have been grouped into broad subject categories. However, since several of the models have overlapping topics and could be grouped under more than one subject heading, the models have also been labelled with keywords which enable finer repository searches to be carried out. Using the repository search facility, it is also possible to search for models based on other criteria, for example, those which are published by a particular author of interest.

The models listed below have been validated to a certain degree. Current validation processes include comparing the equations in the original paper with a PDF of the equations used in the CellML description (these PDFs are generated using the MathML Renderer, a tool which extracts the MathML from the CellML and transforms it to LaTeX). The correctness of the CellML is also checked by using a ????? As tool development continues, both by the CellML team at the Bioengineering Institute and by international collaborators, we expect to be able to carry out the ultimate form of validation by running simulations and comparing these results with those of the original publication.

There is another model repository, for models which have been designed to test CellML processing software. These models are available at the Tool Test Repository page.

Cardiac Electrophysiological Models

Ventricular Myocytes

• Beeler and Reuter, Ventricular Model, 1977.

• Drouhard and Roberge, Sodium Current Model in Ventricular Myocardial Cells, 1987.

• Luo and Rudy, Ventricular Model I, 1991.

• Luo and Rudy, Ventricular Model II (dynamic), 1994.

• Updated Luo-Rudy Ventricular Model.

• Jafri, Rice and Winslow, Ventricular Model, 1998.

• Noble et al., Ventricular Cell Model, 1998.

• Priebe and Beuckelmann, Electrophysiological Model of the Human Ventricular Myocyte, 1998.

• Winslow et al., Canine Ventricular Cell Model, 1999.

• Michailova and McCulloch, Modelling ATP and ADP Buffering, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ Transport, and Ion Pump Regulation in Ventricular Myocytes, 2001.

• Pandit et al., Adult Rat Left Ventricular Myocyte Model, 2001.

• Puglisi and Bers, Rabbit Ventricular Myocyte Model, 2001.

• Bernus et al., A Computationally Efficient Electrophysiological Model of Human Ventricular Cells, 2002.

• Matsuoka et al., Modelling the Roles of Individual Current Systems in Ventricular Cells and in the SA Node, 2003.

• Seemann et al., Quantitative Reconstruction of Cardiac Electromechanics in Human Myocardium, 2003.

• Bondarenko et al., Modelling the Action Potential of Mouse Ventricular Myocytes, 2004.

• Iyer et al., A Computational Model of the Human Left-Ventricular Epicardial Myocyte, 2004.

  *NEW*

• Shannon et al., Modelling The Integrated Ca Dynamics Of The Ventricular Myocyte, 2004.

  *NEW*

• Ten Tusscher et al., A Model For Human Ventricular Tissue, 2004.

Purkinje Fibres

• Noble, Purkinje Fibre Model, 1962.

• McAllister, Noble, and Tsien, Purkinje Fibre Model, 1975.

• Di Francesco and Noble, Purkinje Fibre Model, 1985.

Atrial Myocytes

• Noble and Noble, Sinoatrial Node Model, 1984.

• Hilemann and Noble, Atrial Model, 1987.

• Demir et al., Sinoatrial Node Model, 1994.

• Dokos et al., Modelling the Ion Currents Underlying Sinoatrial Node Pacemaker Activity, 1996.

• Dokos et al., A Model of Sinoatrial Node Vagal Control, 1996.

• Courtemanche et al., Human Atrial Action Potential Model, 1998.

• Nygren et al., Human Atrial Cell Model, 1998.

• Demir et al., Sinoatrial Node Model, 1999.

• Ramirez et al., Canine Atrial Action Potential Model, 2000.

• Zhang et al., Sinoatrial Node Model, 2000.

• Boyett et al., Sinoatrial Node Model, 2001.

• Kneller et al., Canine Atrial Action Potential Model, 2002.

• Kurata et al., Improved Mathematical Model for the Primary Pacemaker Cell, 2002.

• Matsuoka et al., Modelling the Roles of Individual Current Systems in Ventricular Cells and in the SA Node, 2003.

• Lovell et al., A Gradient Model Of Cardiac Pacemaker Myocytes, 2004.

Channels and Molecular Mechanisms

• Ebihara and Johnson, Sodium Current Model in Cardiac Muscle, 1980.

• Rice et al., Cooperative Mechanisms in Cardiac Muscle, 1999.

• Stern et al., Model of Ryanodine Receptor Gating in Cardiac Muscle, 1999.

• Greenstein et al., Role of I_to1 in Shaping Action Potential Morphology and Duration, 2000.

• Rice et al., Modelling Interval-Force Relations in Cardiac Muscle, 2000.

• Clancy and Rudy, Markovian Model, 2001.

• Mazhari et al., Modelling HERG-KCNE2 Functional Interaction, 2001.

• Mlcek et al., Electromechanical Heart Contractile System, 2001.

• Saftenku et al., Markovian Models of Low and High Activity Levels of Cardiac Ryanodine Receptors, 2001.

• Sachse et al., Modelling the Protein Interactions Involved in Cardiac Tension Development, 2003.

• Saucerman et al., Modelling Beta-adrenergic Control of Cardiac Myocyte Contractility in Silico, 2003.

• Saucerman and McCulloch, Modelling Cell Signalling Networks: A Case Study Of Myocyte Adrenergic Regulation, 2004.

• Smith and Crampin, A Cardiac Sodium-Potassium Pump Model, 2004.

Cardiac Pathologies

• Riemer et al., Modelling Cardiac Stretch-Induced Arrhythmogenesis, 1998.

• Dumaine et al., Modelling the Ionic Mechanisms Underlying Brugada Syndrome, 1999.

• Skouibine et al., Beeler and Reuter Defibrillation Ventricular Model, 1999.

• Clancy and Rudy, A Single Mutation Underlies Brugada and LQT, 2002.

• Yi et al., Modelling Volume Shifts and Ionic Concentration Changes during Ischemia and Hypoxia, 2003.

Simplified Electrophysiological Models

• FitzHugh and Nagumo, Theoretical Models of Nerve Membrane, 1961.

• Hunter et al., Analytical Models of Propagation in Excitable Cells (The Polynomial Model), 1975.

• van Capelle and Durrer, Computer Simulation of Arrhythmias in a Network of Coupled Excitable Elements, 1980.

• Fenton and Karma, A Simplified Ventricular Myocyte Model, 1998.

Smooth and Skeletal Muscle Models

• Adrian et al., Voltage Clamp Experiments in Striated Muscle Fibres, 1970.

• Miftakhov et al., Motility Patterns Of The Small Bowel, 1999.

• Mijailovich et al., Modelling Actin-Myosin Binding in Airway Smooth Muscle, 2000.

  *NEW*

• Takahashi and Cannon, Mexiletine Block of Sodium Channels in Human Skeletal Muscle, 2001.

• Oomens et al., Finite Element Modelling of Contracting Skeletal Muscle, 2003.

  *NEW*

• Yang et al., The myogenic response in isolated rat cerebrovascular arteries: a smooth muscle cell model, 2003.